Journal: Cell proliferation

Article Title: Comparative Analysis of the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Aged and Young Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis.

doi: 10.1111/cpr.13776

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2 | Old and young BMSC-derived EVs showed similar characteristics. (A) Schematic diagram of the EVs isolation procedure from young and old BMSCs (B) Representative nanoparticle tracking analysis of young and old EVs size distribution (C) Cryo-TEM (upper) images demonstrate the double-membrane structure of YEV and OEV. Scale bar, 10 nm and transmission electron microscopy (lower) image shows the cup-shaped structure of EVs. Scale bar, 100 nm. (D) The three-dimensional topography images of EVs obtained using atomic force microscopy characterisation (E) Protein concentration of YEVs and OEVs (F) Western blot analysis for EV protein markers (Alix and TSG 101) in young BMSC lysate, YEVs, old BMSC lysate and OEVs. (G) Uptake of YEVs and OEVs by primary human chondrocytes were observed under a fluorescent microscope after 24 h of coculture. EVs were stained with PKH26 (red), and DAPI (blue) was used to stain chondrocyte nuclei; scale bar, 20 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three biological replicates for imaging and technical replicates for quantitative analyses (* p ≤ 0.05; ns: not significant).

Article Snippet: Imaging was performed using a Jeol Cryo ARM 200 (JEM- Z200FSC) TEM in a frozen hydrated state at −176°C.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Isolation, Membrane, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Microscopy, Protein Concentration, Western Blot, Staining, Imaging